Some of the terms used in discussing laptop security are defined below:
检测和清除计算机病毒的程序. The simplest anti-virus programs scan executable files and boot blocks for a list of known viruses. Others are constantly active, attempting to detect the actions of general classes of viruses. Anti-virus software should always include a regular update service that downloads the latest virus definitions and “inoculations.”
In addition to those items listed in the Personal Information definition below: examples of confidential information include the following: financial records, 学生教育记录, 物理描述, 家庭住址, 家庭电话号码, 成绩, 种族, 性别, 工作经历, 业绩评估, 纪律处分行动计划, 或者NCAA排名. Confidential information must be interpreted in combination with all information contained on the computer to determine whether a violation has occurred.
A protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network.
A system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. 防火墙s can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both. 防火墙s are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks, 尤其是内部网, 连接到互联网. 当防火墙“启动”时(i.e.(激活)，它检查通过它的所有消息(i.e., 进入或离开专用网络), and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria.
检索电子邮件消息的协议. IMAP 4 is similar to pop3 but supports some additional features.
A cable secured to the laptop and an immovable object, so used to prevent the theft of the laptop. 一般使用密码锁.
A MAC address is a unique identification serial number (also known as the physical address, 以太网地址, 适配器地址, or hardware address) on a computer’s network card that identifies this computer on a network. When MAC addresses are registered on the computer’s wireless card, 那台电脑应该只和注册过的人“交谈”. Using MAC address control is not a guarantee of full security because MAC addresses can be copied (i.e.“欺骗”). However, it does make it more difficult for others to make unauthorized access.
在网络中转发数据包的设备. 一台路由器至少连接两个网络, 通常是两个局域网或广域网，或者一个局域网和它的ISP网络. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect.
Software designed to control hardware of a specific data-processing system in order to allow users and applications to make use of it.
An individual’s first name or first initial and last name in combination with any one or more of the following data elements:
- 社会安全号码
- 驾驶执照或加州身份证号码
- 帐号, 或者信用卡或借记卡号码, 与任何必需的安全码结合使用, 访问代码, or password that would permit access to an individual’s financial account
- 医疗信息(一).e., 任何澳门新葡京博彩个人病史的信息, 精神或身体状况, or medical treatment or diagnosis by a health care professional)
- 健康保险信息(一).e., an individual’s health insurance policy number or subscriber identification number, any unique identifier used by a health insurer to identify the individual, or any information in an individual’s application and claims history, 包括任何上诉记录)
Information that an individual or entity possesses, owns, or holds exclusive rights to. Examples include: white papers; research papers; business continuity and other business operating plans; e-mail messages; vitae; letters; confidential business documents; participants of an organization, class, or group; detailed building drawings; network architecture diagrams; etc. 专有信息, 如果丢失或被盗, 可以妥协, 披露, or interrupt operations or embarrass the individual or the university.
用于通过网络登录到另一台计算机的程序. SSH provides strong authentication and secure communications over insecure channels.
A protocol developed by Netscape for transmitting private documents via the Internet. SSL works by using a private key to encrypt data that’s transferred over the SSL connection. Netscape Navigator和Internet Explorer都支持SSL, and many Web sites use the protocol to obtain sensitive information such as credit card numbers. By convention URLs that require an SSL connection start with “http” instead of “http.”
Unauthorized acquisition of computerized data that compromises the security, 保密, 或个人信息的完整性.
无线网络名称. A 32-character unique identifier attached to the header of packets sent over a wireless LAN. SSIDs act as a password when a mobile device tries to connect to a 802.11 b网络. SSID是一个无线局域网与另一个无线局域网的区别. All access points and devices attempting to connect to a specific wireless LAN must use the same SSID. SSID不能为网络提供任何安全性.
VPNs use encryption to provide a secure connection through an otherwise insecure network, 通常是互联网. VPNs are cheaper than a real private network using private lines. 加密可以由防火墙或路由器执行.
无线局域网的一种安全协议. WEP is designed to provide the same level of security as that of a wired LAN, providing security to protect transmitted data by encrypting it over radio waves. WEP has been proven insecure and can be cracked in minutes with tools from the internet.
Distinctively configured nodes on wireless local area networks (WLANs) that act as central transmitters and receivers of WLAN radio signals.
A Wi-Fi standard designed to improve upon the security features of WEP.
A Wi-Fi standard designed to improve upon the security features of WPA with the use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for encryption.